- Translated
from Russian by Harry T.
Willetts
Read from September 17th to December 7th
2018
My rating: 4/ 5 stars
This is not the first time I encounter the sad,
Kafkian world of Alexander Solzhenitsyn, for I have already accompanied Ivan
Denisovich during one of his regular days and I’ve taken a long, painful walk
in the Gulag Archipelago. Only that the hell depicted there has been upgraded in
the novel In the First Circle. Here,
the mighty communist society, which couldn’t but acknowledge some zeks’ scientific skills has relocated
them in the “sharashka”, the
prison research institute that is, to be put to work at the development of a phone
encryption device that could identify any voice on earth. Because they have
food and cigarettes to discretion, some books and some space to walk, for a
prisoner coming from Gulag it may seem paradise, but in reality they only reached
the first circle of Inferno. A circle inside the last one, the rim of the
funnel which is the Iron Curtain.
In the Foreword of the book, Edward E. Erickson recalls
that In the First Circle was composed from 1955 to 1958, when the author was
in his thirties, barely released from the Gulag and exiled in Kazakhstan, where
he had found work as a schoolteacher. He tried to publish his manuscript for
the first time in 1964, erasing nine chapters in order to pass the censorship, but
because the KGB had confiscated the unshortened copy from a friend, the publishing
was indefinitely delayed by the authorities. Finally, he sent the same censored
version abroad, where it appeared in 1968 under the title The First Circle. Only ten years later the author will restore the
original version and the preposition “in” will be added to the title to change
the focus from the place to the people in it.
Erickson also observes that the novel illustrates
Solzhenitsyn’s literary credo: to follow “the canons of the realistic tradition
of Russia’s nineteenth-century masters of fiction, starting with Dostoevsky and
Tolstoy. (…) Despite starting with actual people, events, and locations,
Solzhenitsyn in his Gulag writings—the fiction and The Gulag Archipelago—succeeds in creating a literary world that is
as distinctly his own as are the signature literary worlds created by such
authors as Dostoevsky, Dickens, Kafka, and Faulkner”.